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Seeking_Nirvana
Diamond Member
Definition of Nightmare Versus Bad Dream:
A nightmare is frequently defined as a long, frightening dream that AWAKENS the sleeper. The assumption underlying the use of the waking criterion in defining nightmares is that sleepers awaken from a nightmare because of the extreme intensity of the emotions experienced within it. If the magnitude of negative emotions in a dream is not great enough to awaken the sleeper, then the dream IS NOT sufficiently disturbing to be classified as a nightmare.
Evidence exists to support the idea that even the most unpleasant of dreams do not necessarily awaken the sleeper. Based on data from more recent studies, some researchers have suggested that disturbing dreams which awaken the sleeper should be called "nightmares" whereas disturbing dreams which do not awaken the sleeper should be called "bad dreams." Several reports have also shown that although fear is the most common emotion in disturbing dreams, these dreams can also contain a variety of other unpleasant emotions such as anger, sadness, and frustration. A nightmare is thus defined as a disturbing dream in which the unpleasant visual imagery and/or emotions awaken the sleeper. A bad dream is a disturbing dream which, though being unpleasant, does not cause the dreamer to wake up.
Nightmares vs. Sleep Terrors
Traditionally, the term "nightmare" has been used to refer to two distinct types of sleep phenomena, actual nightmares and what are known as sleep terrors. However, nightmares and night terrors can be differentiated both biologically and psychologically. For example, nightmares are characterized by the presence of vivid visual imagery (frequently situations in which the dreamer is in danger) and strong negative affect (e.g., intense fear, anxiety, or guilt). These dreams are usually remembered in detail, typically end with the subject's waking up (in a non-confused state), and occur largely in REM sleep during the second half of the night. By contrast, sleep terrors (sometimes called pavor nucturnus in children and incubus attack in adults) are marked by a sense of confusion upon awakening, the usual absence of recall of elaborate dream imagery, and the presence of intense autonomic activation. They typically occur in slow-wave sleep (stage 3-4 sleep) during the first hours of sleep, and amnesia for the entire episode is typical upon awakening in the morning.
A nightmare is frequently defined as a long, frightening dream that AWAKENS the sleeper. The assumption underlying the use of the waking criterion in defining nightmares is that sleepers awaken from a nightmare because of the extreme intensity of the emotions experienced within it. If the magnitude of negative emotions in a dream is not great enough to awaken the sleeper, then the dream IS NOT sufficiently disturbing to be classified as a nightmare.
Evidence exists to support the idea that even the most unpleasant of dreams do not necessarily awaken the sleeper. Based on data from more recent studies, some researchers have suggested that disturbing dreams which awaken the sleeper should be called "nightmares" whereas disturbing dreams which do not awaken the sleeper should be called "bad dreams." Several reports have also shown that although fear is the most common emotion in disturbing dreams, these dreams can also contain a variety of other unpleasant emotions such as anger, sadness, and frustration. A nightmare is thus defined as a disturbing dream in which the unpleasant visual imagery and/or emotions awaken the sleeper. A bad dream is a disturbing dream which, though being unpleasant, does not cause the dreamer to wake up.
Nightmares vs. Sleep Terrors
Traditionally, the term "nightmare" has been used to refer to two distinct types of sleep phenomena, actual nightmares and what are known as sleep terrors. However, nightmares and night terrors can be differentiated both biologically and psychologically. For example, nightmares are characterized by the presence of vivid visual imagery (frequently situations in which the dreamer is in danger) and strong negative affect (e.g., intense fear, anxiety, or guilt). These dreams are usually remembered in detail, typically end with the subject's waking up (in a non-confused state), and occur largely in REM sleep during the second half of the night. By contrast, sleep terrors (sometimes called pavor nucturnus in children and incubus attack in adults) are marked by a sense of confusion upon awakening, the usual absence of recall of elaborate dream imagery, and the presence of intense autonomic activation. They typically occur in slow-wave sleep (stage 3-4 sleep) during the first hours of sleep, and amnesia for the entire episode is typical upon awakening in the morning.