Avoidance is a symptom, and also a coping mechanism. You avoid because it reduces the thoughts. Distraction is also a tool - but it seems like for some of us that struggle with dissociation, like me, there is a distraction level that is basically a form of mild problematic dissociation. It’s not recognizing the thought or feeling and containing it, but just a plain old avoidance shut out.
Exposure or stress inoculation therapy is a therapy of exposure, but isn’t a therapy of being flooded.
A negative thought will arise and I'll be so desperate to "get rid of it" that I'll reframe the living daylights out of it... And I suspect it kinda turns into a situation where I'm scared of the negative thought and hurling as many positive thoughts at it as I can.
Is this like how some might panic about having panic attacks? (I have done that.) I used to get this one thought in my head and panic about it, and then panic about the panic. So. Yeah, I can relate, in a different way.
There's two ways to manage a thought or emotion that feels intolerable or distressing. 1.) to recognize it, notice it's there, cope with it and move on past it - what sometimes therapists call "containment" and might show up as emotional regulation skills. 2.) to shut it out and numb it until it keeps popping back up with a truckload of symptoms.
Those who dissociate tend to be super good at #2. It's harder to do #1. (It's also really hard to explain the difference between healthy distraction/reframing and avoidant distraction/reframing.)
One thing to keep in mind as you wrestle through a better balance is the flood/numb cycle. (Numbing can be any flavor of problematic dissociation/shut out.) The more someone numbs the more likely they will later be flooded, and the more one is flooded (or experiences intense symptom spikes), the more likely one is to experience emotion as overwhelming and numb, and around it goes.
You are right to recognize a need to face the thoughts, but be careful with the draw to jump in feet first and just flood them in, fallout and all. It could set you up for numbing later on.
Mindfulness might be helpful to explore. It’s a way to experience situations and build up the skill for the thoughts to come... and go... one mindfulness strategy is to picture each thought as a leaf floating down a river. I found that not as helpful as others but for me, writing the thought down and then putting it in a box helped me have the thought, and get past it and not have it the thought, or the shut out of it, take over my mind.
Another is to notice what you feel with a certain thought, and then imagine turning a knob of a dial down. Might seem silly but works for some people. It's not about avoidance or re-framing, but turning down the volume on the distress that comes with the thought, allowing it to be there, and allowing yourself to also move on from it.
Mindfulness is different than mediation (which I don't do personally because that just makes me space out.) Mindfulness can be used in any situation with any thoughts or feelings.
It’s about allowing the thought to exist, but not flood. Exposure therapy works in the same way - it’s not about just doing something that floods, but experiencing little bits and going to offense to prevent flooding. It's not denying that the airport is there for someone that is afraid of flying, but rather "I see the plane but hey, I’m safe, the ground is below me, etc."
If re-framing is becoming avoidant, maybe consider a less positive but more neutral productive approach. For me, it helps sometimes to say a more neutral re-frame: "I feel hopeless and I want to end it all. For now, I'm going to give myself permission to recognize I'm depressed and go walk my dog and notice the weather today." not "I have hope and all is well."
Or if feeling the need to intimidate the thought.... "*@^$*(!!*@&#!!! My abusers they don't get to win in my head! I hate being depressed and I'm taking the dog for a walk anyhow" has been a valid/useful re-frame for me.
I commend you for your courage to do what you need to do to get unstuck and reduce the avoidance! Keep up the good work!