- Admin
- #61
anthony
Founder
Above is the DSM IV-TR diagnosis for PTSD, I have removed A, E & F as they are irrelevant, and only the above three clusters are the primary symptom base for PTSD.B. The traumatic event is persistently reexperienced in one (or more) of the following ways:
1. Recurrent and intrusive distressing recollections of the event, including images, thoughts, or perceptions.Note: In young children, repetitive play may occur in which themes or aspects of the trauma are expressed.2. Recurrent distressing dreams of the event. Note: In children, there may be frightening dreams without recognizable content.3. Acting or feeling as if the traumatic event were recurring (includes a sense of reliving the experience, illusions, hallucinations, and dissociative flashback episodes, including those that occur on awakening or when intoxicated). Note: In young children, trauma-specific reenactment may occur.4. Intense psychological distress at exposure to internal or external cues that symbolize or resemble an aspect of the traumatic event5. Physiological reactivity on exposure to internal or external cues that symbolize or resemble an aspect of the traumatic eventC. Persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma and numbing of general responsiveness (not present before the trauma), as indicated by three (or more) of the following:
1. Efforts to avoid thoughts, feelings, or conversations associated with the trauma2. Efforts to avoid activities, places, or people that arouse recollections of the trauma3. Enability to recall an important aspect of the trauma4. Markedly diminished interest or participation in significant activities5. Feeling of detachment or estrangement from others6. Restricted range of affect (e.g., unable to have loving feelings)7. Sense of a foreshortened future (e.g., does not expect to have a career, marriage, children, or a normal life span)D. Persistent symptoms of increased arousal (not present before the trauma), as indicated by two (or more) of the following:
1. Difficulty falling or staying asleep2. Irritability or outbursts of anger3. Difficulty concentrating4. Hypervigilance5. Exaggerated startle response
If you look at the highlighted criterion above for each cluster, you see that there are several symptoms, yet you only need to meet, one, two or three, depending on which cluster, B, C or D.
So, you could have one person who meets the bare minimum, being:
- B - One symptom from the five
- C - Three symptoms from the seven
- D - Two symptoms from the five
Type of trauma also rates severity. A one-off event, whilst traumatic, does not significantly reprogram the brain, compared to say, years of being within an abusive environment. Even though the felt threat may be real after the event, it is not the same as being within the abusive environment for an extended duration. A person who has been raped, may have what they feel are severe symptoms, then they meet a person who has been in tortured, raped, beaten daily, etc, in a domestic violence or captive beyond their will, and you will see much more severe reactions in that person, as their brain has been completely reprogrammed.
Military training does this, depending on service, as each train differently based on service type. Land forces are typically the worse, because they are face to face contact, so therefor more emphasis is placed on tactical combat in training, than say the Navy with Ship protocols, being sunk, etc. The normal human response is to run from danger, ie. a shot is fired. Land based forces are trained until instinctively they run towards the shot fired. That is completely against the brains normal capacity for self safety, hence any person enduring military training has been reprogrammed to some degree. As we tend to be on land more, those in land forces tend to have more severe reprogramming based on land activities, where a navy person would instinctively react if on a ship, where the land based force would not, thus they would look towards the navy person for the way out and rely on their training.
Any person who endures long durations in a combat zone, ie. years, whether at once or in total, is more likely to fall within the complex trauma range vs. someone who only deployed for a month. Navy personnel often find they don't function well outside of isolated locations if primarily ship based during their employment, as their brain becomes used to being isolated on a ship, so when on land, they don't cope as well. Like putting a soldier in a war zone, then back in society... they don't cope well because their brain adjusted to the war zone, so they feel safer their than society.
Symptoms are diverse between each sufferer, as well as severity. One may sleep like a baby, the next not at all. One may have flashbacks and dissociate, another barely or not at all. PTSD is the same illness, but each person endures uniquely symptom wise, as well as severity. Soldiers will often have heightened anger problems vs. someone who was raped, will have major agoraphobic / being around males (based on female being raped).