And also, these fantasies of redeeming myself to him despite their being zero chance of that in real life. It seems like the rejection itself bound me to him, which would be an attachment disorder, right?
Not exactly. I'll try to explain, but I might mangle this, so take it with a lot of salt.
An attachment disorder would show up consistently in current relationships as well. If you find yourself chronically wanting to be close to other people in your life now, across the board, and you want to be much closer than they want to be all the time, and you dive super deep into relationships super fast, and people express being overwhelmed by it, and you are very anxious about abandonment if that consistent closeness isn't there all the time, and this happens in many relationships, then that is suggestive of a preoccupied attachment disorder.
You could very well have an attachment disorder but what you describe here alone doesn't actually point very strongly in the direction of a preoccupied attachment disorder or any other attachment disorder.
It does suggest attachment based wounds that were triggered or stirred upby this rejection, which may have been a trauma reenactment of sorts, and the attachment wounds with your father being stirred up would make this all the more powerful. But it's not suggestive of a preoccupied attachment disorder in and of itself.
I think this does point very strongly to trying to resolve the attachment wounds with your father through a form of a trauma reenactment compulsion. It's really quite common for survivors to have a relationship in adulthood remind them of a childhood wounding, and for them to compulsively get stuck on trying to fix that relationship and to have a very vey hard time letting go and moving on.
One can have any number of attachment styles / disorders or no attachment disorder at all, and get caught in that cycle and it's very very powerful and hard to stop.
I'll give you an example. I had a very checked out mother and it lead to harm in my life as a child when my main caregiver did not protect me and daily abandoned presence with me as a mother and caregiver.
As an adult, I attached, strongly, to a woman who was more present and like a mother figure to me, in a way, but just a slightly healthier mother figure. I have an avoidant/ambivalent attachment style, and I don't attach in a preoccupied fashion and I didn't with her. However, when this relationship ended... I obsessed for a long time about various fantasies about how to solve it and how it could be could have been and I thought about it a lot. It was about attachment - but not preoccupied attachment. It was about trying to actually solve the early wounding of the abandonment and hurt by my mother by getting stuck on this relationship with this other woman even after it ended. It was a trauma reenactment related compulsion. I was trying to solve the original wound through the later relationship with a level of compulsion that would fit as if my life depended on solving the relationship and staying attached to that person.
Another example: I have a friend who grew up with a drunk abusive father. As an adult, she had a very aambivalnet attachment style. She was constantly panicky they were abandoning her but held people at a distance. With work, she was able to develop what's called an earned secure attachment style. It's the next best thing to a secure attachment style. She started dating again and she dated a guy and maintained a healthy secure attachment pattern with him and others. Then after a car accident, he suddenly started doing things that reminded her of her father that were unhealthy. He started to drink to excess. This triggered, stirred up, the unresolved issues with her father, and she began to obess over making things work with him. Her attachment style didn't change, but she still compulsively spent lots of time trying to think of ways to make it work.
As a kid, holding on to a relationship with a primary caregiver - internalizing it even through fantasy - helps kids mentally develop. It's what kids are supposed to do. It gets screwed up when the caregiver is horrible abusive and/or abandoning. It isn't completed - and I think you are stuck on this relationship because that original wounding was never resolved. You are possibly trying to subconciously solve it now, and it's compulsive because it's a developmental stage that the brain has to solve to move on.
If it was an attachment disorder issue alone, it wouldn't (typically) be so "stuck" as a cognitive compulsive loop with just one person after a rejection.
This loop is so hard to eradicate, self care doesn't really do anything about it. Only actively calling out and naming the thoughts helps reduce their frequency.
That's good! It's a sign that using CBT stopping techniques that help compulsive thoughts in general might also help relieve some of this.