Here in the US, I believe, if you had something life threatening they must treat you even without insur of any kind.
It varies state by state.
Most states are required to stabilize you enough to transport to another hospital, but that’s it. So if you’re brought in holding your foot that’s been cut off by farm equipment? A tourniquet is applied.
You’ll still die if you don’t seek immediate medical treatment, but you won’t die right now / it buys you a few hours.
Most states are required to have 1 at least public access hospital, and they’re required to treat everyone, but only to the bare minimum standard of care.
So, using the farmer holding his foot as an example
- Nearest hospital emergency room = applied a tourniquet and sent him away
- County Hospital (our state only has 1 public hospital) = tosses his foot in the medical waste bin and sews up His leg, and gives antibiotics and painkillers to take home... or amputates at tourniquet (depends on how long it took him to get there, too long without blood and the portion of his leg deprived of blood will have died and be going gangrenous. Keeps overnight at least 1 night, maybe 2-3, then sent home with antibiotics and painkillers.
- GOOD Medical insurance = Admitted to hospital, foot reattached in surgery, stays in hospital for observation to make sure no infection sets in and to begin rehab, a couple weeks in total. Sent to physio/rehab to regain full use of his leg & foot. Expect 1-2 years of ongoing medical care.
- CRAP Medical Insurace = Admitted to hospital. Wait for insurance preapproval dor surgery... takes so long the leg has to be amputated (spend the next 2 years* fighting them for payment of that surgery, rather than the rearrachement whichnthey approved a week after the amputation)... have to receive approval for every day in hospital, have it periodically denied... the moment ICU care is no longer required (couple days) be discharged, and spend the next 2 years* fighting them for payment... wait for preapproval for months for physio/rehab, get approved, then be denied and have to quit, reapply, rinse lather repeat a few times... fight for 2 years* to get them to actually pay for physio/rehab. >>> During the interim 2 years * whilst your fighting them for payment, be several million dollars in collections, have your wages garnished, property seized/ leaned/ foreclosed.
* 2 years = the average amount of time it takes to get payment for treatment they already approved. It can take as long as 7 years if they didn’t approve it, but debts fall off the record at 7 years so it’s a bit of an “eh” (as long as you weren’t silly enough to make even 1 payment towards the debt, which resets the clock... hence why collection agencies will blow up your phone during year 6. If you pay a dime towards “your” debt? They have 7 more years to collect.)
Ambulances also have 2 different sets of rules, for state & Private.
- Firefighter/paramedics (state) are required to pick up anyone who calls for them, regardless of ability to pay or how bad off they are (totally fine, to almost dead on scene).
- Private companies can refuse transport if you’re deemed “high risk” (of no insurance, or likely to die en route, as that messes up their successful transport stats & means billing the estate the 10k fee, which takes longer than billing a live person )
It should also be noted that
- paramedics = EMT + 2 to 4 year Paramedic degree (most states only hire paramedics)
- EMT = 3 month course, and is greatly restricted as to what procedures they can perform. Private companies usually hire EMTs (minimum wage job) and are largely made up of wanna be cops/firefighters waiting for admittance to the academy, wanna be nursing students completing their 1500 hours of “field experience in an acute care setting” to get accepted into nursing school, future paramedics, or medical students paying their way through school. It’s not a job most people do for longer than a year or two / incrediably high turnover.
It’s the exact same difference as a CNA (3 month certification) and an RN or BSRN (4-5 year certification). EMTs & CNAs can’t do jack shit as far as patient care, paramedics and nurses have seriously hefty education and experience.