Some people say that a sexual orientation cannot be changed
Keep in mind that the neural pathways that govern sexual orientation in adults, are different than the neural pathways that exist in a pedophile which orient him/her toward children. These neural pathways are more akin to rape, sexual sadistic disorder, and other paraphilias and dysmorphias like body integrity identity disorder. I am
not saying that anyone with these issues is the same as a pedophile,
however it is a similar mechanism of STIMULUS + RESPONSE.
The stimulus is a child, the response is sexual arousal. Meaning that it's a stimulus+response mechanism, rather than a holistic mechanism (as in the case of two adults being attracted to one another, which utilizes a lot more different parts of our brains at one time, including the amygdala, septum, etc). It is easy on its surface to say that the stimulus+response mechanism exists in sexual attraction between adults, and it absolutely does, but anyone who has ever had sex as an adult, who
also has a kink/fetish/paraphilia can
feel the difference when their kink/fetish/etc is activated, verses "regular sex."
It is a stimulus+immediate response reaction, and it is so deep and ingrained that it is unavoidable. I have several of these myself, most of them are in the realm of paraphilias because they're harmful (to myself), some are just kinks, but I can tell you that it feels different and the reason it feels different is because it's using a very specific neural pathway circuit, and those pathways that fire over and over again, that's a little different than holistic sexual attraction.
You're also going to see this in people who are addicted to pornography, who gradually get more and more extreme - they've replaced the holistic mechanism with the stimulus+response mechanism, and that's the realm of disorder. That's when regular sex and masturbation stop being effective, that's when they can get out of control in viewing pornography hundreds of times a day, all that stuff.
So it's all kind of interconnected, you can't
really separate it, but this is another distinction between sexual orientation which is more like an umbrella term, and then the actual process by which paraphilias develop neurologically. How much of that can be actually de-programmed, once it's programmed in there? Was it always programmed like that, or does our environment shape it? I think it's probably a bit of both, that pedophilia is something that exists in your genetic/neural wiring at birth, that gets quirked through your environment.
So how much of that can we "un-learn" in a person? I don't know. Right now, our efforts to de-pair these stimuli from the response, don't seem to be effective at all. Even in chemical castration, it doesn't work, because as we know, even when human beings are completely paralyzed, we start being able to develop psychogenic arousal.