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TRONDHEIM, Norway (UPI) -- Ecstasy may help sufferers of post-traumatic stress disorder learn to deal with their memories more effectively, researchers in Norway suggest.
"A goal during exposure therapy for PTSD is to recall distressing experiences while at the same time remaining grounded in the present," study authors Pal-Orjan Johansen and Teri Krebs, based at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology said in a statement. "Emotional avoidance is the most common obstacle in exposure therapy for PTSD, and high within-session emotional engagement predicts better outcome."
Psychiatrists who have administered MDMA -- the pharmaceutical version of Ecstasy -- to anxiety patients have noted it promotes emotional engagement; strengthens the bond between the patient and doctor; decreases emotional avoidance and improves tolerance for recall and processing of painful memories.
Johansen and Krebs suggest there are three possible biological reasons for why ecstasy could help individuals with PSTD -- ecstasy is known to increase the release of the hormone oxytocin, which is involved in trust, empathy and social closeness. It also acts in two brain regions to inhibit the automatic fear response and increase emotional control and thirdly, ecstasy increases the release of two other hormones, noradrenaline and cortisol, essential to triggering emotional learning, including the process that leads to fear extinction, on which therapy for PTSD relies.
The findings are published in Journal of Psychopharmacology.
"A goal during exposure therapy for PTSD is to recall distressing experiences while at the same time remaining grounded in the present," study authors Pal-Orjan Johansen and Teri Krebs, based at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology said in a statement. "Emotional avoidance is the most common obstacle in exposure therapy for PTSD, and high within-session emotional engagement predicts better outcome."
Psychiatrists who have administered MDMA -- the pharmaceutical version of Ecstasy -- to anxiety patients have noted it promotes emotional engagement; strengthens the bond between the patient and doctor; decreases emotional avoidance and improves tolerance for recall and processing of painful memories.
Johansen and Krebs suggest there are three possible biological reasons for why ecstasy could help individuals with PSTD -- ecstasy is known to increase the release of the hormone oxytocin, which is involved in trust, empathy and social closeness. It also acts in two brain regions to inhibit the automatic fear response and increase emotional control and thirdly, ecstasy increases the release of two other hormones, noradrenaline and cortisol, essential to triggering emotional learning, including the process that leads to fear extinction, on which therapy for PTSD relies.
The findings are published in Journal of Psychopharmacology.