Lecture alertI
I do philosophy for a living, and philosophers go round and round on this stuff - and I often (now) wonder how much of it is for just these reasons. I find I have the very DEVIL of a time getting my students (some of them) to buy that Truth is something that is useful and better than lies. This is surprising to me, personally, for I have always been a BEAR about wanting to know what is true and NOT wanting to believe things (even in error) that are false. Of course, this makes me crazy. And is probably why I do philosophy. Because philosophers, as a tribe, are bedrock committed to Truth. Beauty and Goodness they are sometimes a bit shaky about, but Truth. We are all on the same page there.
Truth is a tricky deal tho. The upshot (and I'm hoping this turns out to be useful here) is that truth comes in three flavors; correspondence, coherence and pragmatic. Correspondence is when your ideas actually match up with your experience. So I believe that it is raining out, then I walk outside, don't get wet and see no clouds in the sky. Huh. Guess I was wrong. My experience doesn't match up with my belief. I believe that yeast has nothing to do with bread rising, so I leave the yeast out. The bread doesn't rise. Huh. Didn't see that coming. Guess I was wrong. When the evidence contradicts the belief, the belief has to go (or be modified... which causes a lot of trouble but more on that later)
Huh. Guess your belief is wrong. The technical name for this take on knowledge - that what is true has to match up with our (and I do mean "our" here) experience is empiricism. If your theory says one thing, and the evidence says another, it is always the theory that is wrong.
This is a good place to start with all that sorting out of truth from lies.
For what it is worth philosophers - those most skeptical of people - pretty much all agree (after decades of discussion) agree that if you feel like you are in pain, no two ways about it, you ARE in pain. Feeling pain just IS what pain is. Even derealized pain!
The second flavor truth comes in is coherence. The idea here is that our ideas have to "cohere" or hold together logically. It is important to recognize that some people (for reasons that remain mysterious) just don't give a hoot about coherence, and happily go on their merry way contradicting themselves left and right without a second thought. I have a hard time fathoming such people, but I've run into them enough that I am sure they exist. "It is always bad to steal" such a person might say, and then go off and steal something and then when questioned say "but of course it is ok to steal." ??????? I avoid such people.
So we use coherence when we have a pretty good theory and some belief we have contradicts it. So we throw out the belief. A theory is a set of beliefs or story about how something works or operates, usually a theory tells us about stuff we can't see. If you've ever dismissed a claim because "that can't be right" you are making a judgment based on coherence. I once had a bank make me show my driver's lisence and put my fingerprint on the register to deposit a check. I asked why? The teller said, "for your protection." I said, "Ok, I'd like to change my account so that anyone who wants to put money in it can. If some random person just walks in off the street and wants to put money into my account, I want to be on record as giving them permission to do that." She said, "but no one is going to do that!" "So what is this all about?" The belief that some random person might try to put money in my account didn't cohere with all her other beliefs - so it must be false. We do this kind of thing all the time. Theories are very useful shortcuts. Coherence counts. We want our ideas/theories to hold together.
When coherence is not secondary to evidence it causes ALL KINDS of problems. (For example, it derailed western science for several hundred years...) So when a belief contradicts the theory, BUT matches up with the evidence... Evidence always wins and theory must yield. But coherence is mostly what we operate on from day to day. Learning to be careful to check our theories against the evidence is a tremendous cultural and personal achievement.
That long of being lied to, believing the lie, and then realizing it *was* a lie - and on how many levels - is bit of a disaster on its own. It doesn't really simplify things. It makes them more difficult for a god damned long time.
Precisely. If we start out with a BAD theory, one that puts important falsehoods (My mother would never hurt me. I am not lovable. I am a faker) at the center of our belief system, we will get all kinds of things wrong for a good long time. Start this kind of thing early enough we get in the habit of ignoring or dismissing the evidence or WORSE get confused about what evidence is. All kinds of bad things happen. Over and over and over again. "My parents were good parents." is a false theory that is terribly hard to unravel when their faults were mainly emotional neglect.
Because once you question something you take for granted, the questioning then doesn't stop - especially not if you're intelligent and analytic and for getting to the truth of everything
Nope. It never does stop. Ever that I can tell. And it is not a good thing if it does. In fact, it is pretty much always a very bad thing when it does. It shouldn't. And that's ok. Philosophers call this fallibilism. The idea is that we hold our beliefs, but we hold them loosely. We are always, in principle, ready to re-examine and test our beliefs. Making the transition from absolute certainty to fallibilism is kind of like 'finding your sea legs," terrible at first, may involve a lot of throwing up, but then you get the hang of it and it feels perfectly natural and secure.
That the process gets clarifying and enlightening and healing and helpful to life and what not, yes, it does. But it's also wrapped in tears and destruction and never being *sure*.
That's the vomiting part.
And the third flavor, pragmatic truth, is a bit trickier and higher level. Sometimes, we have these random beliefs that don't really fit with our theories, but they work for us. Or we don't have enough evidence to believe them (and can't get it) but it makes a difference if we believe it or not. So then.. we should believe what works best for us. AND in extreme circumstances it is totally fair to believe false things if they get us through the day and on to the next. If the belief (even if false or incoherent) helps us survive, that's good enough for pragmatists.
We shouldn't blame ourselves for beliefs that enabled our survival, but which turn out to be false.