Hi Hope,
there is no doubt that sexual abuse is a traumatic event and thus it should not come as any great surprise that many (though not all) victims develop some form of stress disorder as a result (ASD or PTSD). I would argue that lack of disclosure at the time, or shortly after, greatly increases this risk. Thus, the victim remains trapped in the past and cannot adequately engage with the present. There are three main characteristics that define PTSD: Avoidance; Intrusion; and Hypervigilance. The first two are like the poles of a magnet, and mutually exclusive. As sufferers we go out of our way to avoid any stimulus that will trigger a traumatic memory - and this can happen entirely subconciously without our knowing why we have certain behaviours others find strange. Intrusion is the unwanted flashbacks, dreams, imagery etc of our trauma that spontaneously burst into our conscious minds completely out of the blue. This is actually a part of the healing process for trauma, a means by which we can piece by piece 'dismantle' the trauma memory (as in exposure therapy). Indeed, many people who have had less traumatic experiences recover spontaneously in this way without any outside intervention.
But we can't. The emotional content of the trauma is so great, that our thinking brain (intellect) repeatedly slams the door on it, so it remains trapped within the middle or mammalian brain (limbic system) where it causes havoc with numerous crucial neurological structures therein including the amygdala (fear response) and hippocampi (memory). Thus, we remain in a heightened state of anxiety, and the trauma memories are not processed in the normal manner, and thus remain 'active'.
However, it doesn't end there. In my case, I had total amnesia for well over 20 years. Thus, specific trauma flashbacks and imagery were entirely absent. Instead, I had a recurring dream related to the trauma, a 'snapshot' of the event that never varied, not only was it visually graphic but also in terms of taste (as in flavour). Typically, it would intrude into a regular dream suddenly and entirely out of context with that dream. This, in turn, would trigger the re-enactment / revictimisation cycle that was to dominate my life during the repression years.
For me, and I think many others, once I had total recall, I began to recover really quite quickly in terms of the panic attacks and the re-enactment rituals as now I was able to process the trauma using my intellect and in this manner there is no doubt for me that 'recovery' is possible. However, it also brought a terrible realisation of the true costs of my trauma over the decades - and this can be extremely difficult to comes to terms with. This is where a good support network is vital, because it is no longer as easy to 'avoid' these issues. BUT: what is happening is you are gradually reclaiming your 'true-self', the real you, not the traumatised you ('false-self') and believe me, the two can be poles apart. Unfortunately, it will never be possible to recover the pre-trauma self, as this has been indelibly scarred by the trauma itself, regardless of any recovery thereafter.
Thus, one can 'move on' and function in the present rather than the past, and one can plan for the future more realistically. And as for the trauma? One learns to live with it as something that happened in the past and that is where it will remain - at least for most of the time.
I hope this has helped - I know I have gone on a bit.
Bin.