Yeah, The Fisher King definitely came to mind when I read the subject line for this thread.
A few others:
-Triggers (Sci/Fi novel by Robert. J. Sawyer) A soldier being treated for PTSD at the same hospital that the president of the USA is taken to after an assassination attempt, along with the president who has just been shot, are two main characters. To give an idea of what its about without spoiling the story, consider what would happen if you were suddenly able to experience someone else's memories?
-The Dirty Streets of Heaven (fantasy novel by Tad Williams) the character Caz either had PTSD, or pretends to. Can't really be sure which, because she's a demon, and she's revealing this to an angel.
-V for Vendetta (movie) This really needs no explanation for those who've seen it, and those who haven't, well, I won't spoil it.
-Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (movie, Tim Burton/Johnny Depp version) Given that part of why Wonka is so disturbing to many of the adult characters is because he has flashbacks and dissociates.
-Inception (movie) The character Molly represents the roll PTSD plays in this film.
-i, Robot (movie) although this may be more of a Suvivor's Guilt kind of thing
-Stick It (movie) it's been so long since I've seen this movie that I can't remember any character names, but sexual advances by the girl's gymnastics coach are the reason she botched World's, abruptly quit the sport, and turned to life as a tomboy hooligan getting in trouble with the law.
-Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (movie) Not about PTSD so to speak, but rather about what would happen if you could undergo a procedure to forget a past lover or event, and what might happen if that person then tried to make you remember all over again.
-The Men Who Stare at Goats (movie) I think Ewan McGregor's character is the only main character who doesn't have a disorder by the end of it...
-Charlie St. Cloud (book/movie) I think it's open to interpretation, but if you go with the "the ghost was never there" route, then I'd definitely say it falls into this category.
-Gladiator (movie) referring of course to Maximus
-The Hunger Games (books and film) So many characters! It's true of Katniss and Haymitch from the very beginning, though.