Guilt is the feeling that you've done something wrong. It's often pretty specific, like "Doing x wasn't right, doing x was wrong." Shame is the feeling that there's something wrong with you, and is very general. It's the feeling that almost anything you do is wrong, because you're a bad person.
I really struggle with this distinction. Cognitively, I can see where it might make sense on some level. But it doesn't feel right.
If I do something wrong, for me personally, I feel deep shame, not guilt: "I did something wrong because I'm a worthless person."
And then the stuff that happened to me...it's much the same thing: "Bad stuff happened to me because that's my purpose in life. I bring experiences to myself that reflect my essence and my worth. So if this stuff happened to me (even as a small child), it's because the
essence of who I am attracted that stuff to me, and therefore, I deserved what happened. No one else is at fault. I brought it on myself simply for who I am."
On some brainy, intellectual level, I "know" this isn't true. But on nearly every other level of my existence, I can't prove otherwise. This is my truth. This is my experience. I don't know how to think of myself any differently. Every time I've tried (many, many, many times over the last few decades), it feels wrong, untrue, incongruent with reality. It feels like I'm trying to deceive myself to believe that I didn't deserve what I got. To believe differently would be like trying to rewrite history...to change the objective facts of reality.
Sorry...I'm sure that doesn't help with your original question on how to resolve shame. I'm still at the stage of acknowledging the fullness of its effect on me...the depths to which it defines my existence. When I'm honest with myself, I don't believe I deserve anything different than what I got (even being conceived in marital rape...even being used on several levels from a very young age...even being brainwashed throughout my teenage years...all of that is simply who I am...it's too pervasive throughout my childhood to see myself any other way).