I'll just say this once so I don't take over :) It's going to be a bit of a rant but I promise I'm not trying to lecture you. This was new to me like three years ago before I studied bad science in an animal behavior setting, so I just feel like it would be really good to share with you
I'm just sharing it because I care, so if you ignore it it's okay! :)
very low cal is dangerous.
I second this. Trust me, I'm a biologist :p
No, but seriously, there's no need to hurt yourself. No need to make your body go into an emergency mode, to make it think you're in danger. Because it will assume all kinds of things if you aren't careful, and it can do some real damage to your health now and later.
Diet books are often considered scams in the scientific community. Reason being, they aren't peer reviewed, they often quote scientific papers incorrectly or misleadingly, they often feed into negative self images that
don't have to do with being overweight, or they don't quote any papers at all -- just make claims. Some books are okay though :) But you want to look for ones written by people who know their shit. Diet and weightloss are the most fake-news of all the sciences right now, with so many people just making claims that aren't studied, and therefore making it even harder for people to lose weight later in their lives.
There was an experiment done by a group of scientists in Germany, instigated by a Dr. Bohannon (who has a PhD in molecular biology and bacteria, but is focused on being a journalist who cares a lot about social sciences) that set out to prove that eating chocolate would help you lose weight and slim fast. In the scientific community that's called an a priori hypothesis, which is typically considered okay science,
unless you're saying, "I believe outter space has a ether, therefore I will find evidence for it" (that really happened, until a NASA satellite proved completely on accident, to the confusion of many scientists, that nothing was slowing down light waves above Earth's atmosphere), instead of "I think there is an ether, so I'm going to collect evidence to see if I can support that." (Science is stupid. If you're a human you're basically already a scientist.)
Anyway, the main problem with this study was that it was completely faked, on purpose. The scientists purposefully used bad science and bad methods to keep chocolate as the only constant, which helped them prove they were helping people lose weight with chocolate even though it wasn't true. Then, they published their results in a journal/website called the Institute of Diet and Health, which -- like most institutes dealing with health, food, and diet -- was completely a scam.
Other journalists quickly picked up the headline, though, not really caring if it was real or not. They either didn't have the education/know-how to figure out if it was bad science, or they didn't care (click-bait on Facebook can earn a person literally thousands of dollars per click when done well (as in, freezing up your computer with ads, especially if they make you click through page numbers)). Now literally millions of people worldwide had "evidence" that chocolate is great for losing weight, when it
really isn't.
Dr. Bohannon and the German scientists then finally revealed the real experiment, which was to set out and prove that diet news is ridiculously wrong, all the time, and even dangerous. Meanwhile, actually books had already been published adding chocolate to every meal, the old-fashioned British way (curry and baker's chocolate was really popular apparently?). This is a problem because
most books and articles in any science never rely on one paper, especially if that paper hasn't been peer reviewed. Most book writers will wait until there are several papers, or even papers talking about all those papers once there are hundreds of them (some scientists specialize in just reading scientific papers and doing a lot of math to figure out if there is a consensus yet).
Another fun example is red wine. It's almost household knowledge that red wine is good for your heart in small doses, but there's another study which proved that red wine could kill cancer cells. People were extremely excited about this and ran with it, and some people with cancer were drinking it (despite being warned not to). Turns out the paper was barely even worth a penny in science terms. It was a thesis statement of a medical student who was probably procrastinating, to be fair, that showed that a very specific protein in
grapes could kill unprotected cancer cells in a dish. The reason it was killing those cancer cells was because the protein is toxic when concentrated enough (a reason why giving grapes to a dog causes kidney failure). Also, that protein? Might not even make it into the wine, apparently. And if it does, it will never be at that concentration to be deadly to cells -- or if it is, it'd kill the entire organism, thereby "curing" the cancer but not in a very useful way. :p
Anyway, I have no idea what book that is, or what backing it has, but I just wanted to show you really quickly that you do have to be careful with any information you get, but especially diet-wise. We sort of know next to nothing about diet, besides that we freaking love sugar and fat and salt.
I do know of a diet where people purposefully eat way too few calories with the express purpose of permanently slowing down their metabolisms. This supposedly makes you live longer by slowing down the entire body's processes, but the people doing it so far haven't made it to old age. They are frequently depressed and low-energy, unable to finish some tasks. Their brain suffers a bit unless they add more fat to their diets, and there is evidence that the brain even breaks down a bit on this diet, as well as muscle, causing permanent damage and also a higher risk of dementia. The problem is that we are mammals. Mammals are by definition really fast-paced organisms. When you visit a cave ecosystem that has been closed off for maybe a hundred years or just fifty, you won't find mammals. You will find eyeless fish and eyeless spiders, and eyeless insects that was pastel white. You'll even find a couple of reptiles that might be completely new species. There have even been cave-dwelling giant tortoises (which is usual). But you won't find mammals. Not even mice. Reason being, to live in a cave, you need a slow metabolism, and a long lifespan. Lots of organisms play by the rule "last as long as you can, make a few babies" while mammals in particular are extreme examples of "live hard, die young." Mammal bodies literally start deteriorating after they can't have babies. They aren't usually built to last.
In fact, being a mother will age you. And stress will make you gain weight.
The
main reason I think you shouldn't be cutting your calories too low, is that your body went through extreme stress. Absolutely extreme. And bodies remember stuff like that. Seriously. Ever heard stories of people with organ transplants suddenly being really interested in stuff their donor used to do? Maybe usually exaggerated, but bodies remember trauma just as much as our brains do. That has been proven. And a body
during high stress has survival tactics, such as gaining extra weight to survive. Fat cells may help with healing infections, recent studies have shown, so they are more likely to start making fat from sugars (even if you don't have a lot in your diet) in order to try to save you.
If you suddenly go low-calorie, it'll happen again. Your body will go into survival mode, and it will be unpleasant. It will also increase your chances of getting things like diabetes later. And, if you ever have a few extra calories, your body will store it as fat way faster than if you were eating enough calories. Because it thinks it's in danger.
Best rule of thumb is to add a zero to the end of your weight in pounds, and then aim for that many calories a day. So, I need about 1400 a day for normal functions -- which includes thinking, walking, digesting, breathing, having a heartbeat, letting my nerves flex my muscles subconsciously so they don't atrophy, powering trillions of pumps that keep calcium moving so I can move, allowing my cells to divide, allowing my cells to build the protein structures they need to function, and etc. You get the idea.
The best thing you can do to safely lose weight is to tell your body that you're working for something. First of all, try to get enough sleep. (Lack of sleep will cause your body to think there is a problem and gain weight.) Try to manage stress. Work out (a walk for twenty minutes a day counts, just try to get your heartrate up). And eat foods that are nutrient-dense instead of calorie-dense, like a bowl of carrots instead of a bag of chips.
I have no idea what that book says, though, but even if it really is a good book, I hope this helps you anyway :)
Google the Virta blog, it's full of low carb resources relating to diabetes.
This is cool.
Anyway, I'm glad you're doing okay! :)