- If your provider bills for you, (they front the cost) then they collect your co-pay and are then reimbursed by your insurance company, banking on actually receiving payment sometime over the next few months. This is also why pre-authorization is required by some providers, or for some services; as insurance companies are fairly notorious for not reimbursing without a fight, at even the most specious reason, or randomly for no reason, they just want to make you resubmit everything. Shrug. They make zillions on interest every day they hold onto money in the bank, so the longer they can collect the interest the better.
- If they don't bill for you, then you pay then entire amount, and submit the paperwork to your insurance company yourself. Some insurance companies allow for individual reimbursement, others require "batches" of 5/10/16/25 appointments to be submitted at the same time. Then the insurance company reimburses you, minus your copay.
It's in most providers best interest to bill themselves, and take periodic losses &/or send clients to collection, because most people can't afford the cost of even basic medical care out of pocket, much less something like an ER visit (10k and upwards, easily). But it's also a huge amount of work. Hospitals have entire billing departments, clinics usually staff at least 2-3 people. At 60k or more per person per year? (And a solo practice easily has enough clients to make billing their insurance 40+ hour a week job)... That's not a service a lot of solo-providers can offer. Either they don't have the capital to pay for an employee, or they don't have an extra 40 hours to work, themselves, on top of their medical work. Which is a good thing to know, when looking for a therapist, as their not "taking" insurance? Doesn't actually mean that they're not covered by your insurance. It usually* just means one has to do the legwork one's self. There's a little bit of a learning curve, but it's actually pretty easy, once you get the hang of it.
* As long as they're able to bill insurance. An MSW, for example, cannot bill insurance. A LCSW can. Same degree, but an MSW hasn't finished their supervisory hours (3000 total, no less than 500 hours per year, no more than 1500, if they haven't changed it). Same with psychologists, doctors, etc. Insurance won't cover them until they've completed the process.
^^^
This is both from being a HUC in a few different departments in hospital, being a hospital parent (being millions in debt, as insurance refused payment, but the hospital didn't care / covered all the costs & we worked out payment -mostly medical scholarships, grants, etc. from people donating- later), as well as spending most of my marriage with individual insurance / aka nooooo one was a preferred provider nor would bill weird east coast insurance on the west coast as a courtesy, so if we wanted treatment, had to fax the forms -and check for preauthorization if we didn't want to get stuck with a whopping bill they wouldn't reimburse- ourselves. <<< But you could easily look it up. Millions of people bill their own insurance companies. And while the courtesy is common in the US, in other places, it's not.